Monday, January 6, 2014

Vanished Tool Makers: J.H. Williams & Company, Brooklyn & Buffalo, New York

Over the years I've picked up a few Williams "Superrench" wrenches.  Recently I found some more, which got me thinking about this company.  Below, "ribbed wrenches":




Below, plain "alloy" ones:




According to the very authoritative and exhaustive Alloy Artifacts website, the tradename "Superrench" was first registered in 1925.  Information on their site also indicates that my plain "alloy" wrenches were probably manufactured sometime between 1942 and 1947, and the "ribbed" wrenches were made between 1952 and 1959.

The company also used the "Superrench" name (although no longer in quotation marks) on box-end and combination wrenches:




The Williams company apparently liked the prefix "Super", also offering "Superjustable" wrenches, "Supersockets," "Superratchets" and, if you had the cash, an entire collection of tools in a "Superchest."

S.F. Krar & J.E. St.Amand;   Machine Shop Training, 2nd Edition.
Toronto:  McGraw-Hill Co of Canada Ltd., 1967.

They made tools for other companies, such as the 629 Special below made for Airco:





They also made pliers, both in the U.S.






and in Canada, specifically St. Catharines, Ontario:





Over the years, their tools were identified by various trademarks and logos:









For a pdf copy of this catalogue, go to the Internet Archive.

James H. William was born in Fort Plain, New York in 1845. As a young man, he became a partner with his cousin E.W. Bliss in the firm of Bliss & Williams, which eventually became the famous industrial machine tool company of E.W. Bliss (notable especially for their production of torpedoes for the U.S. Navy in the Spanish-American war and in both world wars).  In 1882, he started his own business in Flushing, Long Island under the name Williams & Diamond.  In 1884, it moved to Brooklyn and became J.H. Williams & Co.  Incorporation followed in 1885.  


Map and information on the early history of the company from Maggie Blanck..


The company was among the first to offer mass-produced drop-forged tools, the 15-degree angle wrench, and heavy-duty slugging wrenches (back in the day when this kind of fisticuffs was legal).   Williams operated a very clean factory, with dripping oil being caught in cans and recycled, fire extinguishers and sprinklers throughout, a factory fire department and, in 1893, even installing shower baths to promote health and cleanliness in his workers.  A very enlightened employer for that era, he also instituted a mutual aid society into which employees could pay, and out of which funds were dispersed in the event of sickness or a death in the family, an early form of what we today call "employee benefits."  Williams died tragically in 1904 from  what was then called "apoplexy" or what today would be called a stroke.

In 1909, the company employed 400 people, a sizeable workforce. The company subsequently built a factory in Buffalo (on Vulcan Street!) around 1914, and then moved its corporate headquarters there in 1919. (The site is now occupied by one of GM's plants.  For more on Buffalo's industrial boom years, see Plant 5:  Farrell-Birmingham & the Rapid Reversing Gear Engine.)


J.H. Williams Buffalo factory in the 1950's

Somewhere along the line the company was acquired by United Greenfield, but I can't find any information on exactly when this occurred.  Williams had arrangements with another large tool maker of the time, Whitman & Barnes of Akron, Ohio, as shown by the markings on the monkey wrench below:



In 1880, Whitman & Barnes established a Canadian division by purchasing  Collinson, Burch & Co. of St. Catharines, Ontario. 

In 1902, it sold this factory to J.H. Williams.  According to the ad below, they made hammers there:

1921

The picture is a little muddied, though, as the 1921 hammer ad above indicates that Williams was "formerly the Canadian Division of The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co."  At some point, United Greenfield also owned Whitman & Barnes, so it's anyone's guess as to how the tangled ownership of these companies worked.  In any event, United Greenfield was in turn acquired in 1968 by the aerospace giant Thompson Ramo Wooldridge of Chicago, better known as TRW.

1974
Sometime during further corporate shakeouts in the ensuing decades, Williams disappeared for a while before being sold to Snap-On in 1993.  As of 2011, the J.H.Williams Tool Group was renamed Snap-On Industrial Brands.  So, although Williams no longer exists as an individual tool manufacturer, the name lives on as one of Snap-On's  brand names.  

1943

Today

26 comments:

  1. Excellent, thoroughly-researched article. Well done!

    The Citroen Guy

    ReplyDelete
  2. My Dad worked there from 57-thru 87 ish when the plant closed its doors. We left Buffalo to prusue better things. I have a alot of Willams tools that I use today from my father. They are well made made antique tools that serve a great purpose even to this day. I love them and wouldn't get rid of them for nothing. Thanks for this articale very well done and most informative.

    ReplyDelete
  3. excellant reading,wish there were more.

    ReplyDelete
  4. I have an AB-8-J.H.Williams & CO. -FORGED ALLOY 8in. SUPERJUSTABLE wrench.How rare are they?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. They made them by the thousands, if not tens of thousands.

      Delete
  5. i got a rachet from them wish i could get parts to fix it i love it

    ReplyDelete
  6. Are there markings on the wrenches to tell how old the wrench may be? I have a 3/4" x 1" open end that has a 40 on it with the old logo.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Are there markings on the wrenches to tell how old the wrench may be? I have a 3/4" x 1" open end that has a 40 on it with the old logo.

    ReplyDelete
  8. I just found an ad for these guys in a Janes Fighting ships of 1919. Would ve happy to send a pic of it through if interested

    ReplyDelete
  9. I got a leather jacket from this plant!!

    ReplyDelete
  10. I have 6 1 3/4' on down from the mid 70s, would sell but won`t give them away, tough great tools

    ReplyDelete
  11. my dad passed away in june 27/17.i was cleaning up his shop,and went thru his roller cabinets.it was loaded with good quality Williams tools.Combo wrenches,offset open ends,ratchets,the whole nine yards.i remember he married an American years ago,She had friends that worked at Williams tools,hence,it looks like they set up my dad real good.They are American quality,I can feel it in my hand.Thanks to Williams and my dad,they are going no where.

    ReplyDelete
  12. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

    ReplyDelete
  13. I found a unusual tool by j.h. Williams & co.....it is a 2 foot S wrench it has the original watermark w in a diamond....all I know it was used on steam train engines in the 1880s.....would love more info....

    ReplyDelete
  14. Could you send a picture? Love to post it.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Recently my dad gave me a whole mess of tools owned by one of is uncles among them are several Williams wrenches including a few that have "USN" stamped on them. I've also picked up a few at stores selling used building supplies. These wrenches have become my go to wrenches. They just don't make tools like they used to.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It looks like they did some contract work. I have a Williams #367 S wrench, 7/8"x11/16". On the opposite side from the name it is stamped "SPCO". The SPCO being the abbreviation for the Southern Pacific railroad.

      Delete
  16. Thanks for the info! Are the letters stamped or cast in?

    ReplyDelete
  17. Hello,

    If Duke is reading this, we have been looking for a living member of the Williams family. Any ideas? Harriet Williams, wife of James Harvey, donated the money to build a beautiful set of historic structures and central landscape that are under threat of destruction. We are trying to save this property and would love to meet a member of the Williams family. If yes, how can we communicate? Best, Jenn www.arlington12603.org

    ReplyDelete
  18. Unfortunately the Duke passed away in 2018. This post gets a lot of views, hopefully someone will respond! Thanks for your note and good luck!

    ReplyDelete
  19. I worked for TRW and was assigned to start a new automotive tool line using our JH Williams plant in Buffalo. JHW had just opened a new modern socket extrusion facility in Georgia. They needed more volume for it to thrive. I became the TRW Powerforged Hand Tools Product Line Manager working out of Cleveland OH. I have full set of tools , catalog and all kinds of marketing items. We sold to auto parts stores replacing competition where tools were displayed on boards along the walls and in sets. Sold over 2,000 stores through about 60 distributors in 1979-1983 timeline. Then came low cost Japanese imports and just about all American made firms collapsed leaving Snap-on and MAC Tool due to personal mechanics service and credit. TRW exited by selling all its inventory to Autozone. One of the best times of my careet

    ReplyDelete
  20. Thank you for the first band information, I'm glad these stories get told.

    ReplyDelete
  21. I inherited my machinist, mechanic father's tools after he passed. What a great collection of Williams tools he had. I still have them and will never part with them.

    These were the tools manufactured before Snap On purchased the Williams name. I have used just about every manufacturer of hand tools in my life. I'm 68 now. I worked on Hueys(UH-1H) and first generation Black Hawk(UH-60A) helicopters in the Army and was a backyard mechanic on old Harleys and hot rod four wheelers. Williams were without a doubt the best tools I ever used.

    When My other wrenches failed trying to loosen an old Harleys head bolt, I put a two foot cheater on a Williams box wrench and when I heard a snap, I thought it was the wrench that broke. But, it was the head bolt that was broke loose. The Williams wrench was bent, but the box end held up fine. I still have that wrench and that's what really sold me on the quality of Williams tools. I wonder if the quality has suffered since Snap On bought them out.

    ReplyDelete
  22. So awhile back I had to do some automotive work and my grandfather let me use his 1/2 in drive J.K williams socket wrench, because other tools were not getting the job done. Mind you this socket wrench was given to him by his father where he was raised in brooklyn NY. Sadly, I broke the spinner on the socket wrench. This socket wrench was very dear to him for obvious reasons, my entire life atleast this was the ratchet he used and long before. It would be a great Christmas present if I could replace it. If anyone has one they would be willing to part with please e-mail me. jeffrey.allen3026@gmail.com. It was a 1/2in drive S-52 "Superratchet".

    ReplyDelete
  23. I have a set known as WS-12R (ratcheting Superrench Set) which may well have been manufactured for J.H. Williams by A&E Manufacturing which held patent # 2,500,835 which was issued in 1950. The kit came with a pouch which has the Williams logo with a diamond W underneath printed on it; however I can't seem to find an approximate manufacturing date for this particular set.
    The same set is cataloged in 401, however the set is there 6R not 12R and the logo is in a black oval with the letters not in black. There is a little card in the original box with a Buffalo N.Y. address and a possible date clue in small numbers printed at the very bottom of the card, "S-125 (then S in a circle) 25M 7-73" I might take all that to mean a card number, then quantity printed, then possible date of printing.
    All this would indicate this tool was sold after July 1973 until who knows when.
    Any ideas? AA doesn't go that late.
    David Jackson

    ReplyDelete