Jacques Lessstrang, Lake Carriers, Salisbury Press, 1977
The whaleback was a lake boat design by James McDougal, designed as bulk cargo carriers on the Great Lakes. The design had a rounded deck that blended in from the sides and ends of the boat, intended to slip through the water more easily, carrying larger loads with less draft. The hatches were sealed in order to allow heavy seas to pass over the boat with minimal effect. The first were launched in 1887 as towed barges and powered versions were built starting in 1890. A total of 43 were built and a number left the lakes for a salt water career. One example remains, the SS Meteor (bottom) which was in service until 1969 and has been preseved as a museum ship in Superior Wisconsin.
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